Forget that there are big bearing / small bearing, the length, 28 / 31 spline and the bolt patteren for a moment and answer this: Are all Ford 9 inch axles the same size where the bearings press on?
The bearings don't press into the axle so I assume you are talking about axle shafts. All axle shafts don't accept the same ID of bearing. P.S. Axle is spelled AXLE, not axel.
The diameter at the point where the bearing fits is larger on the 31 spline axle shaft than on the 28 spline. The entire axle shaft is larger diameter on the 31 spline.
Have a read of the material on this link .It has good discussion on bearing sizes and axles. http://www.kevinstang.com/Ninecase.htm
I think he was talking to your title, not your post D. but no, they are different diameters as stated above...
Since we're on the subject of 9" bearings... Something that isn't discussed much is that the center section also comes in 2 different bearing sizes, 3.062" OD 1.781 ID and 2.891 OD 1.625 ID. The 31 spline needs the bigger carrier, the 28 spline can have either.