I assume you are talking about a flange type axle as opposed to a key type shaft.If that's the case it was 65 and up that used the flange style.64 and older used the key style.Why do you ask ??
The key doesn't hold the hub on. The taper does. If the taper is clean and in good repair, and the nut tightened properly it will not come off. If it is loose it will shear the key in a second. I think by 1964 they had engines powerful enough that the holding power of the taper was marginal. Or maybe they just changed for the hell of it. Lots of companies made the tapered hubs but all changed to the flange hubs in the end.
Weak??? Isn't it the same style of axle used with a Max Wedge? I've never had a hub off one but I'm VERY doubtful there are keyways. More likely splines. I'd guess the biggest issue is needing to pull the drums and hubs as a unit to service the brakes. Having said that...the one I have was converted to use slip on drums just like the later model axle. Not sure what, if any, mods are required to do that...other than most likely just replacing the old style drums with the new style and maybe the wheel studs as well, as they are likely swaged to hold the original drum.
Hacker, they are a 3/8th keyway, NOT splines and the hub and drum can be modified so that studs are used on the hub and then the drum can be removed and still leave the hub attached........or like I did 35 yrs ago and used a pair of Oz Valiant vented front discs mounted on the hub and used Oz Ford rear disc brake calipers to have rear discs.
They really are keyed axles!?!? Wow...never would have expected that. Now I want to pull mine apart just to have a look! LoL
AMC had the same keyed type axles back into the later '70's. Our bought new AMC Matador had what was damn near a Chevy 12-bolt under her that had keyed axles. I did a search and found out that we can buy flanged replacements for this rear if wanted. pdq67
Contact Dr. Diff, bought spool, gears, and axles from him. Very knowledgeable when it comes to the 8 3/4 mopar rear. He is on the internet.