I have done this recently. And a few times at that. There are a few threads here about them. But, i would search out a S10-15 Blazer/Jimmy Rear end because they fit better. About an inch wider. There is Fab work. 1st, The stock 54 centering pin on The leafs is off center and needs to be moved back an inch or so or modify The axle/ spring perch. Then, i always cut my spring perches off to relocate them and align up with The original 54 springs. At that time i set my pinion angle at ride height before i weld. Also, 54 leafs are narrower than later stuff. Like 1 1/2 Wide vs. 2" on later stuff. So u bolts will have to be obtained along with Lower shock brackets. If you have done this before it is Nothing shocking. In most cases this is normal in adapting/ swaping in different Rear ends. Good luck
Sure ya can, you can do anything, you could put a 05 Ford Focus rear end in your car. Its not going to just swap over, things are not that easy, but with enough work you can do anything!!
You need more thought put into it, much like your post. Do you have google and a welder? Not just any s10 rear will fit. Also, do you have a driveshaft and transmission for an open axle? Blazer/Jimmy has nothing to do with width. 2wd or 4wd does. you can drill new locating holes in a 55-57 rear end perch and have the closest thing to a bolt in option. the brakes interchange. but the driveshaft still doesn't.